| 00 | Theory Name -Heading Field - sample | Purpose of Theory - definition - What is it trying to do | Definition of power | How measure success of Theory - Capacity to describe, explain and predict? See also "How to test" | Motivation of Actors, - Actors Interest - National Interest , | Discussion of Foreign relations [objective of Foreign Relations,] | National Interest - not sure of this field | What factors account for Change and Stability in the system [How stable is it], | Prescriptions/ Predictions | Reliability |
| 00.a | Generic Theory | 1.Theories are collections or sets of Laws Pertaining to a particular Behavior or phenomenon. 2. For K.Waltz better = Theories Explain Laws. Laws are "facts of Observation", Theories are "speculative processes introduced to explain them" | NA.= Not Applicable for Power | Is the Theory internally constant and will it tell us things we would not know in its absence. Depict a domain. Displays its organization & connections among parts, compare with observations, | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 00.b | Generic Political Theory | Beware of Theory's assumptions which do not allow for explanation in real life. | . | . | . | . | . | .. | ||
| 00.c | Generic International Relations Theory | .Bounded Realm or domain, law like regulations within realm, explaining the observed regularities -Waltz -ToIP p. 116 | .Various including: Balance of Power, Cooperating, situational [see differences below] | . | . | Expected behavior is similar not identical. Theory of foreign policy not predict detailed content of policy - but lead to different expectations about tendencies and styles of different countries policies -Waltz -ToIP p. 122 | To explain the expected differences in national responses, a theory would have to show how different internal structures of states affect their external policies and actions | . | . | . |
| 01 | Realism - [according to who?] see subsections | Unregulated competition of states, each state's interests are paramount, success is defined as preserving and strengthening each state -Waltz -ToIP p. 117 minimum = seek own survival, maximum = seek universal domination. | Power balancing routine characteristic of states. -Waltz -ToIP p. 117 Definitions of why - differ. "Balance of Power politics prevails when two requirements are met: order is anarchic and it is populated by units wishing to survive."p.121
Realist be |
For realist power is measured in terms of "Capability" to predict who will win. | All states act alike -, Mo | Balance of Power is a theory about results produced by the uncoordinated actions of states. Explains the constraints which confine all states. This in turn provides many clues to the expected reactions of states. | National Interest defined as objective interest of states.
- unitary one defined in terms of power-ERI-KM p67 |
Assumes balance of power will lead to stability. At same time different realist predict bi-polar and multipolar process.. | .Normative Theory which recommends certain types of behaviors for states | . |
| 01.0m | Realism [ according to Morgenthau = Classical? | States engage in balancing power which is likely to produce stability. Effect is that Int'l system can produce stability in certain circumstances. States are Autonomous and in conflict | Ability to coerce, ability to control others, ) 0 sum quality to power. Power is and end in itself. BOP = situation of equilibrium as weak as any situation in which power struggles take place. | Impossible to measure power, can observe capabilities. States [imperialism] seek to enhance; Maintain [Status-Quo] or Show [Prestige] | Basic assumption that States seek power. Because of human nature is power seeking - this motivation transferred to states. | Purpose of Foreign Policy is to pursue the national interest | National Interest and power is the same. Purpose of State is to eliminate insecurity?
Interest defined in terms of power.Morgenthau,Brief Edition 1993 p.5 |
support status quo or bipolar | came to view - Give up crusading and defend own boundaries | |
| 01.0w | Realism [Waltz brand] Neo-realist, structural realist | Structure of International system has great influence on states,. System composed of Structure and interacting units. Ordering Principle, Functional Character of Units, Distribution capabilities; Balance of Power | Ability to affect others more.- Power balancing routine characteristic of states. -Waltz -ToIP p. 117
"Balance of Power politics prevails when two requirements are met: order is anarchic and it is populated by units wishing to survive."p.121 |
Success defined as preserving and strengthening the state, is the ultimate test of policy (p.117) | [states act alike] Unregulated competition of states, each state's interests are paramount, success is defined as preserving and strengthening each state -Waltz -ToIP p. 117 minimum = seek own survival, maximum = seek universal domination. | Expected behavior is similar not identical. Theory of foreign policy not predict detailed content of policy - but lead to different expectations about tendencies and styles of different countries policies -Waltz -ToIP p. 122 | "States do not willingly place themselves in situations of increased dependence. In a self-help system, considerations of security subordinate economic gain to political interest."(112) | Bi - Polar is most stable | The range of expectations arise from looking a the type of order that prevails and the distribution of capabilities within that order | |
| 01.a | Structural Realism | Theory separate from Waltz version? Called by Keohane "Explanation through an examination on the structure of International system" | . | Structural T gain plausibility if similarities of behavior are observed across realms that are different in substance but similar in structure, and differences in behavior are observed where realms are similar in substance but different in structure | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 01.b | Neorealism | .. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 01.k | Realism -Neorealism -[Kaplan model] | Depends on mesh of actors an their behavior???E | There are transformation rules, Not all systems change the same way, Structure and norms of the system | |||||||
| 01.rk | Neo-Realism-Modified Structural Hybrid - Robert O Keohane -multidimensional approach | incorporate several analytical frameworks or research programs. Includes balance of Power where useful to understand. NAIC Keohane, p3 | knowing int'l theory only applies under certain conditions.- if maxim | |||||||
| 02 | Liberalism | Perspective based on assumption of the innate goodness of the individual and the value of political institutions-ERI-KM p63 | . | Key actors = States, Non Gov't Groups, International Organizations.,substate actors, multinational corporations
- Individuals Act in Rational ways to maximize their self-interest |
Value freedom, especially free trade and ideas, potential for mutual gain IR3g-JG-p.9
-Seeking long-term mutual gains more rational than short term national gains |
many national interests
- International institutions coordinate actions to manage power, 1. collective security, 2. Arms control and disarmament -Gain wealth in absolute terms more important than gain power in relation to other countries |
.No need for radical change, constant shifting of actors are involved in new relationships-ERI-KM p85
reform of the status quo through an evolutionary process of incremental change - IR3g-JG-p.9 |
No Constraints, ongoing interactions -ERI-KM p85
war seen as tragic mistake to be prevented minimised by int'l agreements and institutions IR3g-JG-p.9 |
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| 02.a | Neo-Liberalism/Institutional Liberalism [neoliberal intuitionalism] | Characterizations: 3 interpretations: interdependence among actors, international society and anarchy
- reinterpretation of liberalism that posits even anarchic International system, states will cooperate because of their continuous actions |
Power and interdependence
Interdependent system in which the actors are both sensitive [affected by} and vulnerable to [suffering costly effects from} the actions of others |
Because it is in self interest to co-operate. Institutions provide the framework for cooperative interactions-ERI-KM p285 | ||||||
| 03 | Constructivist Theories | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 04 | Ofutay Kodjoe as interpreted from related quotes | Power is the ability to effect Outcomes, this is a Non coercive definition of power Pok, 25-feb-2003. Power as capacity is different from power as influence. | ||||||||
| 05 | Marxism | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 07 | Divine-plan | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 07.a | Divine-plan-State -Human-input | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 09 | Total-Anarchy | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 99 test of access data page vi intranet | zztest access via intranet for data page |