| | Number sort to | 02.rk |
| | Class-Defined | Main Test9 |
| | Theory-name | Neo-Liberal -Realism-Modified Structural Hybrid - Robert O |
| | Keohane -multidimensional approach=Institutional Liberalism |
| | Theory-Purpose | incorporate several analytical frameworks or research |
| | programs. Includes balance of Power where useful to |
| | Note | - should incorporate structural realism = has clarity and |
| | parsimony, the range of phenomena it encompasses is |
| | limited. |
| | - needs better theories of domestic politics, decision making |
| | and information processing - so gap between external and |
| | internal environments can be bridged in systematic way. |
| | NAIC Keohane, P.191 |
| | - Modified Structural analysis can provide a context within |
| | which an analysis of cognition is politically more meaningful. |
| | |
| | - knowing maxims of int'l rela theory, must know enough |
| | history to place them in context - then useful guides for |
| | interpreting events.. |
| | - Necessary to remain skeptical of int'l theory and maintain |
| | critical analysis. NAIC Keohane, p 3 |
| | i====================================== |
| | Complex Interdependence Theory |
| | The term 'complex interdependence' was developed by |
| | Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye and refers to the various, |
| | complex transnational connections (interdependencies) |
| | between states and societies. Interdependence theorists |
| | noted that such relations, particularly economic ones, were |
| | increasing; while the use of military force and power |
| | balancing were decreasing (but remained important). |
| | Reflecting on these developments, they argued that the |
| | decline of military force as a policy tool and the increase in |
| | economic and other forms of interdependence should |
| | increase the probability of cooperation among states. The |
| | complex interdependence framework can be seen as an |
| | attempt to synthesize elements of realist and liberal thought. |
| | Finally, anticipating problems of cheating and relative gains |
| | raised by realists, interdependence theorists introduced the |
| | concept of 'regimes' to mitigate anarchy and facilitate |
| | cooperation. Here, we can see an obvious connection to |
| | neo-liberal institutionalism. See Keohane, R. and J. Nye. |
| | 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in |
| | Transition. Little-Brown, Boston. (2nd edition,1989). From |
| | http://www.irtheory.com/know.htm |
| | |
| | Neoliberal Institutionalism |
| | Encompasses those theories which argue that international |
| | institutions play an important role in coordinating international |
| | cooperation. Proponents begin with the same assumptions |
| | used by realists, except for the following: where realists |
| | assume that states focus on relative gains and the potential |
| | for conflict, neoliberal institutionalists assume that states |
| | concentrate on absolute gains and the prospects for |
| | cooperation. Neoliberal institutionalists believe that the |
| | potential for conflict is overstated by realists and suggest |
| | that there are countervailing forces, such as repeated |
| | interactions, that propel states toward cooperation. They |
| | regard cheating as the greatest threat to cooperation and |
| | anarchy as the lack of organization to enforce rules against |
| | cheating. Institutions are described by neoliberals as |
| | 'persistent and connected sets of rules (formal or informal) |
| | that prescribe behavioral roles, constrain activity, and shape |
| | expectations' (Keohane, R. 'International Institutions: Two |
| | Approaches', in International Studies Quarterly 32, 1988). |
| | Robert Keohane is the scholar most closely identified with |
| | neoliberal institutionalism. Http://www.irtheory.com/know.htm |
| | |
| | ================================ |
| | Interdependence always carries with it costs - since |
| | interdependence restricts autonomy. Can not specify if |
| | benefits exceed the costs - depends on values of actors |
| | and nature of relationships. Interdependance has two |
| | dimensions : sensitivity [degrees of responsiveness within |
| | Tuesday, 20 May, 2003 | Page 7 of 10 |